Alcohol and Drugs History Society

Drugs and Alcohol: Contested Histories (book series)

Northern Illinois University Press is acquiring manuscripts for its series, Drugs and Alcohol: Contested Histories, which investigates cultural, legal, economic, and medical histories of alcohol, drugs, and other substances such as coffee and tobacco. The advisory board includes David Courtwright, University of North Florida; David Fahey, Miami University (Ohio); David Gutzke, Missouri State University; and James Mills, University of Strathclyde. Contact Sara Hoerdeman regarding manuscript submissions at shoerdeman@niu.edu

Mexico's anti-alcohol campaigns, 1910-40 (dissertation)

Gretchen Kristine Pierce, "Sobering the Revolution: Mexico's anti-alcohol campaigns and the process of State-building, 1910-1940" (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona, 2008). An abstract and a 24-page preview are available without charge at ProQuest (where you can purchase the full text of the dissertation).

Temperance in Uncle Tom's Cabin and its critics (article)

Ryan C. Cordell, "'Enslaving You, Body and Soul': the Uses of Temperance in Uncle Tom's Cabin and 'Anti-Tom' Fiction," Studies in American Fiction 36/1 (Spring 2008): 3-26.

Women and temperance reform in Bremen (book)

Hannelore Cyrus, Die Fackel weitertragen!: der Deutsche Frauenbund für Alkoholfreie Kultur von 1900 in Bremen seine Frauen, seine "Führerinnen" und seine "Ottilien" (Norderstedt: Books on Demand GmbH, 2006).

Temperance, race and Frances E.W. Harper (article)

Doveanna S. Fulton, "Sowing Seeds in an Untilled Field: Temperance and Race, Indeterminacy and Recovery in Frances E.W. Harper's 'Sowing and Reaping'," Legacy 24/2 (2007): 207-224.

Shumaker and Midwestern dry culture (article)

Jason S. Lantzer, "The Origin of Indiana's Dry Leader: The Reverend Edward S. Shumaker and Midwestern Dry Culture," Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 6/1 (2007): 71-98.

Temperance movement in Washington State and British Columbia (article)

Stephen T. Moore, "Cross-Border Crusades: The Binational Tempeance Movement in Washington and British Columbia," Pacific Northwest Quarterly 98/3 (2007): 130-142.

Swedish-American festival at Good Templar park

In 1924 several Good Templar fraternal temperance lodges purchased a 66 acre park in Geneva, Illinois, near Chicago. By the 1930s many individual Good Templar members had built "sturgas" or cabins in the park. Each summer a Swedish-American festival is held. (By the time of World War I most Good Templars in America were Scandinavians, and the strength of the organization in Europe was in Sweden and Norway.) For more, see here.

WCTU and the fight against racism in Australia (article)

Alison Holland, "To Eliminate Colour Prejudice: The WCTU and Decolonisation in Australia," Journal of Religious History 32/2 (June 2008): 256-276.

Barack Obama and Honest Tea

According to the conservative Weekly Standard, Barack Obama prefers as a drink Honest Tea, a bottled flavored tea. For details, including a mention of Karl Rove also being a drinker of Honest Tea, see here.

Temperance and prohibition in the United States (book)

Louise Chipley Slavicek, The prohibition era: temperance in the United States (New York : Chealsea House, 2008). YA audience.

Movement to pass anti-liquor laws in America (book)

Mark Beyer, Temperance And Prohibition: The Movement to Pass Anti-liquor Laws in America (Rosen, 2006). For high school students.

Methodist archives for temperance

The Methodist Archives and History Center at Drew University (Madison, New Jersey) include the papers of Clarence True Wilson and the administrative records of the church's General Board of Temperance.

Drink in Nova Scotia (book)

Graham Pilsworth, Nova Scotia drink-o-pedia (Halifax, N.S.: Nimbus, 2008).

Toronto "dry" advertising

For vintage Toronto "dry" advertising, see here.

Rev. Clarence True Wilson (1872-1939), prohibitionist

For a brief sketch of Clarence True Wilson, the Methodist minister from Oregon who was prominent in the temperance and prohibition movement, see here. For a more nuanced appreciation, see here. Curiously, as a result of a series of 46 debates over prohibition he developed a friendship with Clarence Darrow, the crusading attorney who was neither religious nor a teetotaler. For more about Wilson, see two books by Robert Dean McNeil, Valiant for Truth: Clarence True Wilson and Prohibition (Portland: Oregonians Concerned about Addiction Problems, 1992); and Clarence Darrow's Unlikely Friend, Clarence True Wilson: Debaters but Always Friends (Portland: Spirit Press, 2nd ed., 2007) [apparently a new version of the 1992 book]

TOC for the Unlikely Friend book

Introduction -- Ancestry and youth (1872-1895) -- From Delaware to California (1895-1904) -- Oregon years (1905-1910) -- Chicago and Topeka years (1910-1916) -- Move to Washington and prohibition victory (1916-1920) -- The story of the Methodist building -- Prohibition years (1920-1933) : from triumph to demise -- Darrow and Wilson: best friends -- Study of Ontario liquor system -- Repeal : bitter aftertaste (1933-1936) -- Wilson the writer -- Back to Oregon: restfull years (1936-1939) -- Postscript.

Asquith's licensing bill of 1908 (article)

Luci Gosling, "Trouble Brewing," History Today 58/3 (March 2008): 21-23. For part of the article (including comparisons with our own early 21st century concern over binge drinking), see here.

J.C. Price, African American temperance reformer

For a brief sketch of African American temperance reformer J.C. (Joseph Charles) Price, AME Zion minister and college president, see here. Price (1854-1893) died young and so is less known than many of his contemporaries.

John E. Main's temperance wagon (1906)

For a sketch of John E. Main's temperance wagon visiting Pasadena, California, in January 1906, see here.

TOC for Fletcher's Gender and the American Temperance Movement of the Nineteenth Century (book)

For the TOC of Holly Berkley Fletcher, Gender and the American Temperance Movement of the Nineteenth Century (Routledge, 2007), see below.

Table of Contents
List of Figures

Acknowledgments

Introduction

Chapter One: Self-Made Men: Temperance, Identity, and Authority in Antebellum America

Chapter Two: Temperance Counter-Cultures and the Coming of the Civil War

Chapter Three: "Let Patriots Join Hands:" The Civil War and the War on Alcohol

Chapter Four: Crusading Women: The Creation of a New Temperance Icon

Chapter Five: A "Knitting Together of Hearts:" The Crusader, the WCTU, and the Building of a Temperance Coalition

Notes

Bibliography

Index

Temperance anniversary ignored (Moreau, NY, April 13, 1808)

Supposedly the first temperance society in the USA was that organized at Moreau, New York, on April 13, 1808. Although the centennial was commemorated in 1908, the bicentennial has been ignored. For more, see here.

Why abstinence matters to Americans (article)

Jessica Warner and Janine Riviere, "Why Abstinence Matters to Americans," Addiction 102/4 (April 2007): 502-505. For the text, see here.

American temperance movement and prohibition (book)

Richard Worth, Teetotalers and saloon smashers: the temperance movement and prohibition (Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, forthcoming 2009). High school audience.

Washington State WCTU

Brief account of Mrs. I.W. Reeves and the WCTU in a Washington State community available here.

Prevention in history and today (article)

Spode, Hasso:
"Präventionskonzepte in Geschichte und Gegenwart." In: Gerhard Bühringer (ed.), Strategien und Projekte zur Reduktion alkoholbezogener Störungen. Präventionsfachkongress Alkohol, Lengerich 2002, pp.32-60.
(Prevention in history and today: alcohol research and control politics and the role of the temperance cultures in the discourse)

Idaho prohibition

For an article about Idaho prohibition, including the temperance fight for it and resistance to it after it became law, see here.

Temperance fiction of early 19th century (thesis)

Gina Dianne Donovan, "Demon rum and saintly women: Temperance fiction of the early nineteenth century"
(M.A. thesis, Iowa State University, 2007).

Arkansas and alcohol

For odds and ends about Arkansas and alcohol, see here.

European immigrants, Methodist temperance, and American society (book)

Kevin J. Corn, Forward Be Our Watchword: Indiana Methodism and the Modern Middle Class (University of Indianapolis Press, 2008). Among other things, Corn argues that Methodist temperance reformers feared that European immigrants, who typically drank alcohol, might undermine American mainstream culture.

Drink and transatlantic progressivism (book)

David W. Gutzke, ed., Britain and Transnational Progressivism (Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming September 2008).

Table of contents

Introduction / F.M.L. Thompson
Historians and Progressivism / David W. Gutzke
Britain and Transnational Progressivism / David W. Gutzke
The Civic Ideal: Glasgow and the United States, 1880-1920 / Bernard Aspinwall
Democracy and Drink / Bernard Aspinwall
Transatlantic Progressivism in Women’s Temperance and Suffrage / Ian Tyrrell
Britain’s "Social Housekeepers" / David W. Gutzke
Social Settlement Houses: The Educated Women of Glasgow and Chicago / Robert Hamilton

WCTU today (dissertation)

Cristin Eleanor Rollins, "'Have you heard the tramping of the New Crusade?' organizational survival and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union" (Ph.D. dissertation in sociology, University of Georgia, 2005). Rollins explains the survival of the WCTU as what she calls a "Permanently Dying Organization." The full text of the dissertation is available online through the University of Georgia catalog (or through WorldCat).

"New temperance" (thesis)

M. Bess Vincent, "Temperance Tantrums: Public Opinion Regarding the New Temperance" (M.A. thesis in sociology, Tulane University, 2004).

WCTU critique of militarism and manliness (article)

Tara M. McCarthy, “'The Humaner Instinct of Women': Hannah Bailey and the Woman's Christian Temperance Union's Critique of Militarism and Manliness in the Late Nineteenth Century," Peace & Change 33/2 (Aprril 2008): 191-216.

Abstinence in America (book)

Jessica Warner, Pleasure's enemies: a cultural history of abstinence in America (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 2008).

Jefferson Franklin Long (1836-1901), African American temperance reformer

Born a slave, Jefferson Franklin Long (who died in 1901 at age 64) was Georgia's first black congressman, serving for a few months in the House of Representatives, 1870-71. He was a merchant tailor in Macon. After the end of his brief political career, his public life was devoted to the cause of temperance. For more, see here. The main scholarly work about Long is an article by John M. Matthews in Phylon 42 (1981).

Controversy among Swedish temperance reformers after Good Templars expelled anti-gay pentecostal minister Åke Green

After the Good Templar leadership on January 29, 2008, expelled the controversial pentecostalist pastor Åke Green for his anti-gay declarations, 1200 members have quit the Swedish Good Templar organization, the IOGT-NTO, and many others have called for Green's reinstatement.  The losses for the temperance organization have been especially heavy in Kalmar, the preacher's home district in southern Sweden (his church is on the Baltic Sea island of Öland), and in Jönköping, located in what has been called Sweden's bible belt.  For more, see here. 

For a biographical sketch of Green and excerpts from his anti-homosexual sermons, see here.  In 2004 Green was sentenced to a month in jail for "disrespect," a sentence later overturned.  There is a website defending him on the basis of freedom of religion here.  Another pro-Green website (I apologize that I have misplaced its URL) explains the abbreviations IOGT-NTO for the Swedish Good Templar temperance society:  The initials IOGT, formerly meant Independent [later International] Order of Good Templars, but they now signify International Organisation of Good Templars. "Ritual work was toned down in the shift from 'order' to 'organisation'."  NTO, meaning National Temperance Order, was created by the merger in 1922 of the NGTO (Nationalgodtemplarorden or "National Order of Good Templars") and TO (Templarorden or "Order of Templars").  In turn, the IOGT merged with the NTO in 1970.  According to Wikipedia, the organization claims 45,000 members in Sweden.  It is the surviving stronghold of the Good Templar temperance society which began in New York State in the early 1850s.

Georgia Literary and Temperance Crusader (1861)

A unique copy of the Georgia Literary and Temperance Crusader for 1861 is available in the newly opened Magruder collection at the Atlanta History Center. It is mentioned incidentally here.

Temperance novel

Peter Michaud explains his attraction to a forgotten genre, the temperance novel. For more, see here.

Alcohol in early Oklahoma (book)

James Edward Klein, Grappling with demon rum: the cultural struggle over liquor in early Oklahoma (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008). Based on a 2003 Oklahoma State University Ph.D. dissertation.

TOC:

Liquor and liquor policy in territorial Oklahoma
Oklahoma goes dry
Early statehood: dry ascendancy and wet underground
Paper prohibition: enforcement problems continue
Oklahoma drys: the shadow government
Dry Oklahoma: the class nature of the movement
Wet Oklahoma: liquor men and the saloon
The Oklahoma liquor question as a class issue

Research Centre for the History of Food & Drink, University of Adelaide

Research Centre for the History of Food & Drink, University of Adelaide, Australia
For its website, see here.

Abstracts of papers (some of them not recent, so the biographical information may not always be accurate).

Several of the papers appear in full in Robert Dare, ed. Food, Power and Community (Wakefield Press), namely those of Andrea Cast, Brett J. Stubbs, and Anna E. Blainey (and can be read via Google)

Anna Blainey, Wowserism Reconsidered: The Ethos of the Total Abstinence and Prohibition Movements in Australia, 1880-1910
Unlike the US anti-alcohol movement, little has been written on the movement in Australia. The one widely read work on this subject, Keith Dunstan'sWowsers, draws largely from the words of the anti-drink movement's opponents who attributed to the teetotallers largely imaginary motives and obscured their true agenda. The so-called "wowsers" themselves, however, did not see drink in terms of the spiritual evils of pleasure as their enemies insisted. Rather, they presented drinking and especially moderate drinking as an unethical act - an act which impacted on and harmed others in various and complex ways. Their anger, however, was directed not at drinking but rather at drink selling which they saw in terms of the infliction of damage on others - comparable to crimes of violence against the person. The anti-drink movement saw alcohol as the expression of the ethos of individualism and the profit motive at the expense of social responsibility and community protection.
Anna Blainey is currently completing a PhD at La Trobe University. She has taught and written teaching texts for History and Women's Studies subjects at Deakin University.

PO Box 257, East Melbourne VIC 3002
hisaeb@lure.latrobe.edu.au

George Bretherton, Food, Drink, Sex and The Body in the Light of Temperance Propaganda in the British Isles, 1830-60
The way temperance advocates developed their notions about what was fit or not to ingest naturally had basic and very profound effects on all sorts of attitudes towards food and drink. Alcohol, which had been regarded as a health and strength giving substance in the pre-temperance days, had to be discredited, which was done mainly in two ways. First by showing that alcohol was unhealthy, an argument put forward in medical treatises--Irish and Scottish physicians were especially important among the first generation of temperance people--and in more homely ways; Joseph Livesy's malt lecture is a good example a talk he gave to many a Mechanics' Institute audience in which he subjected a pint of beer to chemical analysis, revealing that far from deserving the appellation "liquid bread" it consisted entirely of poisons. The relation between food and drink also needed to be rethought. If drinking was healthy and the more you drank the healthier you were then a stout physique and a red face, not atypical results, were signs of health.
Dr. George Bretherton is Associate Professor of History at Montclair State University in New Jersey. He wrote his PhD dissertation on the Irish temperance movement, has published many article and given many conference papers on various aspects of the history of the temperance movement, and is currently working on the role of Theobald Matthew in the temperance movement.

Department of History, Montclair State University, Upper Montclair, New Jersey 07043

Andrea Cast, Drinking Women in Early Modern English Drinking Songs
Drinking alcohol has always been a significant event, imbued with cultural values and meanings. In early modern England everyone drank alcohol every day. What can we learn about early modern English society from looking at the public drinking of women? We do not have access to direct information about alehouse and tavern culture but we do have many of the ballads that were written, sung, sold and displayed there. From these drinking songs historians can glean information that may shed some light on how women participated in what can only be described as the national pastime.
Andrea Cast is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at The University of Adelaide. Her thesis topic is the consumption of alcohol by women in early modern England.

Department of History, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000
acast@arts.adelaide.edu.au

Valmai Hankel, The Eager Oenographers
Unlike today, most books on wine published in Australia in the nineteenth century were written by winegrowers for winegrowers rather than for consumers. At the same time, in England wine book writers were sometimes wine merchants, whose opinions of Australian wines were often less than flattering. This paper will look at nineteenth-century Australian wine books and the portrayal of Australian wines in English books of the same period. It will draw on the resources of the State Library of South Australia, which has the largest collection of wine literature in the southern hemisphere.
Valmai Hankel is Senior Rare Books Librarian at the State Library of South Australia. She is the wine writer for The Adelaide Review and also writes a column on wine history for the national magazine Winestate. For six years she chaired the Consumer Panel of judges for the Advertiser-Hyatt Regency South Australian Wine of the Year Awards.

State Library of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000
valmaih@slsa.sa.gov.au

Annie Harper, Strong Beere and Merry Lads: Drinking Culture and Popular Song in Early Modern England
This paper explores the culture of drinking in Early Modern England through the rich source of popular song. The first part of the paper examines the relationship between drinking and popular balladry. Records from the Jacobean Star Chamber offer evidence about the dissemination and composition of these songs, and indicate that the Alehouse was an important centre for the creation and dissemination of Ballads. Printed urban Broadsides were also heavily flavoured by drinking culture, and Ballad publishers, authors and performers were often associated with urban drinking establishments.
The relationship between drinking and music was symbiotic, as both the audience and the performance space of the Alehouse was reflected in the content of these songs. The second part of this paper looks at this content, examining the two main thematic motifs found in these drinking songs. One emphasises the companionship and community cohesion found in communal drinking ballads; the other represents the problems associated with drink in society, a tradition of social comment through song. In this way I shall explore some of the ambiguities associated with drinking culture at the time.
Annie Harper is a PhD candidate in the Department of History at the University of Melbourne. Her thesis topic is popular ballads in early modern England.

Department of History, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3052
a.harper@pgrad.unimelb.EDU.AU

Cath Kerry, Chocolate: A History
Chocolate, as the confectionary bar we eat today, is barely 100 years old. Chocolate was used by the Aztecs and Mayans as a mainly ceremonial drink. It came to Europe and vied for popularity with coffee and tea. New technology in the 19th century set out to improve its drinkability, texture and handling qualities, and led eventually to a novelty, eating chocolate that quickly came to symbolise love, nurture, luxury and compulsion. Any interest in chocolate and why it's a part of our lives are obvious.
Cath Kerry is a chef who keeps an academic approach to food for consenting adults in private. Her interests and attitude to chocolate are influenced by her passion for knowing why we live as we do, and by her belief that eating well is one of the last affordable and safe pleasures.

Art Gallery of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide 5000; Fax 08 8232 7266

David K. Round, Louise Sutherland, and Anne Arnold, Going, Going, Gone: Red Wine Auction Prices in Australia
In recent years in Australia, red wine auctions have resulted in prices which have caught the attention of the public and the press, as selected labels have rocketed in price. The market for red wine in Australia is an incredibly diverse one. A given red wine from one geographic area, from the same vintage, from a particular grape variety, can vary enormously in price from other wines with identical characteristics. Why is this? Economists can explain such price discrepancies easily, at least in theory. In the formal language of economics, they depend on the underlying conditions of supply and demand. This paper presents a preliminary investigation into the operation of the red wine auction market in Australia.
We start by looking at the economic characteristics of the auction process, and then move on to describe the essential features of wine auctions in Australia. Next, we identify the major wine labels which have been driving the auction market, and consider briefly the reasons why these particular wines might be seen as so distinct by buyers. We then move on to a statistical description of the price trends for some of the most commonly auctioned red wines, and analyse the quite marked differences which appear. We conclude with some projections of future prices, and assess, from a price perspective, just what it is that makes a great wine.
David K. Round is Associate Professor in the School of Economics at the University of Adelaide, Louise Sutherland is an honours student in the School of Economics, and Anne Arnold is a Lecturer in Economics in the School of Economics. The research for this paper was funded by a grant from the University of Adelaide. Prof. Round's major research interests are in the areas of competition, policy, price fixing, and mergers.

School of Economics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005
dround@economics.adelaide.edu.au

Brett J. Stubbs, 'A New Drink for Young Australia': The Transition from Ale to Lager Beer in New South Wales, c. 1880 to 1930
One of the most significant twentieth century developments in the Australian brewing industry was the almost complete replacement of the traditional British top-fermented ale style by the Continental bottom-fermented lager style of beer. In the 1880s and 1890s there emerged in Australia a strong demand for lager beer which was met mainly by bottled imports from Germany and the United States of America. There were also several attempts at local manufacture. In New South Wales, at least, these all failed. During the First World War the curtailment of imports left the demand for lager unsatisfied. Perceiving this gap, Tooth & Co., the largest brewer in New South Wales, successfully launched K.B. (Kent Brewery) lager in 1918. This was a crucial turning point in NSW, providing the momentum for lager eventually to supplant the traditional ale style. This trend was paralleled in other Australian states.
Dr. Brett J. Stubbs is a lecturer in the School of Resource Science and Management at Southern Cross University. His publications include "The Revival and Decline of the Independent Breweries in New South Wales, 1946 to 1961," and his current research includes the brewing industry in Australia.

School of Resource Science and Management, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore NSW 2480; Fax 02 6621 2669
bstubbs@scu.edu.au

Jennie Carter (1830-81), African American journalist who wrote about temperance (book)

Eric S. Gardiner, Jennie Carter: A Black Journalist of the Early West (UP of Mississippi). Writing under the pen names of Ann J. Trask and Semper Fidelis, Carter wrote about temperance and other topics in black newspapers, notably San Francisco's Elevator. At the time, she lived in California.

Temperance movement in South Yorkshire, England

Industrialist John Guest was influential in the formation in 1839 of the Rotherham and Masbrough Temperance Society and in maintaining it as a vital organization throughout the Victorian era. For more, see here.

Organized labor and temperance ideology (thesis)

Gregg McClymont, "'To battle the demon rum': organized labor's articulation of a temperance ideology in the gilded age" (M.A. thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1999). A bit old, but one of the few studies of its kind.

Choctaw temperance journalism (article)

Richard Mize, "Sobering News: Choctaw Temperance Reporting and Civic Journalism," Chronicles of Oklahoma 284/3 (2006): 288-307.

WCTU and separate spheres (article)

Prudence Flowers, "White Ribboners and the Ideology of Separate Spheres, 1860s-1890s," Australasian Journal of American Studies 15/1 (2006): 14-31.

Clarence True Wilson, Methodist and prohibitionist (book)

Robert Dean McNeil, Clarence Darrow's unlikely friend: Clarence True Wilson: debaters but always friends
(Portland, Oregon: Spirit Press, 2007). Clarence True Wilson (1872-1939) was a prominent American Methodist and prohibitionist.

Drink, temperance, and transnational progressivism

David W. Gutzke, ed., Britain and Transnational Progressivism (Macmillan Palgrave, forthcoming late 2008), includes two essays explicitly about drink and temperance: Bernard Aspinwall, "Democracy and Drink," and Ian R. Tyrrell, "Transnational Progressivism in Women's Temperance and Suffrage."

Cultural (and folkloristic) nationalism in Sweden among the Good Templars (dissertation)

Samuel Edquist, "Nyktra svenskar: Godtemplarrörelsen och den nationella identiteten 1879–1918" (Ph.D. dissertation. Uppsala University, 2001).

P.T. Winskill's The Temperance Movement and its Workers (1892)

The full text of Peter Turner Winksill's four-volume The Temperance Movement and its Workers (1892) is available online at Google Scholar. Winskill is a major source for the temperance movement in the British Isles. As a contemporary historian of the temperance movement there he is second only to (James) Dawson Burns. Unfortunately, Winskill's even more rare Temperance Standard Bearers of the Nineteenth Century is not available at Google Scholar as of yet.

American temperance lyrics (book review)

David M. Fahey reviews Lyrics and Borrowed Tunes of the American Temperance Movement, ed. Paul D. Sanders (University of Missouri Press, 2006), in Historian 69/4 (2007).

Alliance House temperance library (London) to remain intact

Concern that the Alliance House temperance library (London) might be dispersed seems to have ended. The good news comes from Derek Rutherford, a member of the Alliance House board.

"Dry" Quebec magistrate

Edmond McMahon, a Quebec province magistrate early in the 20th century, often urged the "pledge" on the defendants who came before him. For more, see here.

Transnational temperance

Mark Lawrence Schrad (political science/ University of Illinois) has posted pdf files for his 2007 Wisconsin dissertation dealing with Russia, Sweden, and the USA, a forthcoming related article, and various data sets. For access to the pdf files, see here.

Polish American teetotalers (article)

William Galush, "The Unremembered Movement: Abstinence among Polish Americans," Polish American Studies 63/2 (2006): 13-22.

Temperance and prohibition in Connecticut, 1850-1933 (thesis)

Charles L. Brooks, "Connecticut goes dry: the experience of the temperance and prohibition movements in Connecticut, 1850-1933 (M.A. thesis, Central Connecticut State University, 2006).

Scrapbooks of women's organizations, 1875-1930 (dissertation)

Amy L. Mecklenburg-Faenger, "Scissors, paste and social change: The rhetoric of scrapbooks of women's organizations, 1875-1930" (Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, 2007). Includes temperance.

Temperance physicians (dissertation)

Katherine H. Nelson, "The temperance physicians: Developing concepts of addiction" (Ph.D. dissertation, American University, 2006).

Stokes reviewing Claybaugh. Novel of Purpose (book review)

Jack S. Blocker draws attention (on the ADHS listserv) to the H-SHGAPE book review by Claudia Stokes of the book by Amanda Claybaugh, The Novel of Purpose: Literature and Social Reform in the Anglo-American World, which deals in part with temperance. For the review, see here.

Manuscripts at the Livesey Library in Preston, England

The Livesey collection of the British National Temperance League, consisting of over 5000 books, journals, manuscripts, tracts, and other materials, was transferred in 1987 to the University of Central Lancashire in Preston. The manuscripts, seldom consulted by academic historians, include the Preston Temperance Society, 1887-1914, the Halifax Temperance Society, 1909-1967, the British Temperance League, 1834-1940, the Executive/General Committee of the National Temperance League, 1856-1928, and the diary of Samuel Sims, agent of the National Temperance League in the 1880s. [See Aidan Turner-Bishop's 2006 article in the Manchester Region History Review]

Ballard Avenue (Washington State) saloons

A Seattle-based historian, Kay F. Reinartz, wrote about the old-time saloons on Ballard Avenue in Ballard, Washington, here. The local beer was Claussen. Dr. Reinartz pointed out that single men had little alternative to the saloon after their long workday. Typically they lived two or more to a small room, crowded with beds. Belatedly, the WCTU offered an alternative in the late 1890s, a reading room or library. Dr. Reinartz discussed the formation of the library here.

Closing of British temperance history library?

For many years the library in London best known to historians as that of the United Kingdom Temperance Alliance has been a major resource for research about the temperance movement in England and other parts of the UK. The library is now owned by the Alliance House Foundation and is located at the offices of the Institute of Alcohol Studies. Its longtime librarian Judith Crowe has been cataloging its holdings, including materials that had belonged to now disbanded or shrunken temperance organizations. Sadly, a few days ago the Alliance House Foundation decided to end funding for the library and thus terminated Judith Crowe's work. Perhaps British readers can find out whether historians will have any access to the library or whether it will be dispersed. This is a continuing story.

For the other principal temperance history library in the UK, see Aidan Turner-Bishop, "Livesey Collection, University of Central Lancashire, Preston," Manchester Region History Review 17/2 (2006): 93-102.

The records of the national temperance organization for women appear to be in storage in the Birmingham area; the old London headquarters at Rosalind Howard House have long since been closed.

Here is a re-posting about the historical resources at the Alliance library:

The Alliance House Foundation previously was the United Kingdom Temperance Alliance and before that the United Kingdom Alliance. Materials from other anti-drink organizations have been deposited at the London office of the Institute of Alcohol Studies. Details below taken from Archon's online data.

Institute of Alcohol Studies, Alliance House Foundation

ARCHON: Contact details

Institute of Alcohol Studies, Alliance House Foundation

IDENTITY STATEMENT

Reference code(s): GB 2242
Held at: Institute of Alcohol Studies, Alliance House Foundation
Title: Institute of Alcohol Studies, Alliance House Foundation
Date(s): 1843-1994
Level of description: Collection (fonds)
Extent: approximately 250 volumes and 40 boxes
Name of creator(s): Institute of Alcohol Studies |
United Kingdom Alliance (UKA) | 1853-
United Kingdom Temperance Alliance Ltd (UKTA) | 1942-2003
Alliance House Foundation | 2003

and related temperance organisations including:

National Temperance Federation | reconstituted 1936
National Commercial Temperance League | 1890s
National United Temperance Council | 1896
Parliamentary Temperance Committee | 1906
Band of Hope | 1847
International Order of Good Templars | 1852
CONTEXT

Administrative/Biographical history: The United Kingdom Alliance was founded in 1853 in Manchester to work for prohibition of alcohol in the UK. This occurred in a context of support for the type of law passed by General Neal Dow in Maine, USA, in 1846, prohibiting the sale of intoxicants.

It was initiated by Nathaniel Card (1805-1856), an Irish cotton manufacturer and member of the Society of Friends. He had also been a member of the Manchester and Salford Temperance Society since 1852, and was interested in what was coming to be known as the Maine Law. At a private meeting at Card's house on 20 July 1852, the National League for the Total and Legal Suppression of Intemperance was formed. Other members included Alderman William Hervey of Salford and Joseph Brotherton MP (Salford). At the third meeting of the League a Provisional Committee was formed, based in Manchester.

Their objectives were openly political, to form and enlighten public opinion nationally, believing that the self-denying and benevolent efforts of temperance societies would never be able to end the liquor trade while legalised temptation to drink and get drunk was permitted. They aimed for total and immediate legislative suppression of traffic in intoxicating beverages.

The name of the League was changed on 14 Feb 1853, to the UK Alliance for the Suppression of the Traffic in all Intoxicating Liquors, and Sir Walter C Trevelyan, became the first president in June the same year, with a General Council holding its first meeting on October.

A weekly newspaper Alliance News was begun in 1854, a journal of moral and social reform, and sold for one penny. Since 1980 it has been published as a bi-monthly magazine.

They were not a total abstinence society, and membership was open to teetotallers and drinkers alike, by 1858 membership had risen to 4500, and £3000 was raised by subscription for their work. Their chief public spokesman was Sir Wilfrid Lawson, MP (1829-1906).

In 1862, the London Union of Alliance members changed to the London Auxiliary of the Alliance, and appointed it's the first London agent, Rev John Hanson. The Alliance had occupied premised in Victoria St, London, until the decision was made to build a new headquarters. A site in Caxton St was purchased in 1937, the new building - Alliance House - being opened in 1938, at a cost of £75,000.

In 1942, the Alliance became a limited company, the UK Temperance Alliance Ltd. By the 1970s the main role of the Alliance was educational work and its interest had broadened to other areas of addiction besides alcohol (much of which is undertaken by the Institute of Alcohol Studies (IAS), a trading arm of the Alliance. In 2003, the UK Temperance Alliance was renamed the Alliance House Foundation.

National Temperance Federation (NTF) was reconstituted at its annual meeting in 1936, and declared its policy as the representation of every section of the temperance movement of approximately three million members of temperance organisations throughout the country.

National Commercial Temperance League (NCTL) was formed in the 1890s to appeal to the business and professional community in the economic and ethical field of thought. In 1953, it approached the UKA with a view to amalgamation.

National United Temperance Council (NUTC) was founded in July 1896 at a National Conference of County United Temperance Councils. The aim of both County and National UTCS was to consolidate support amongst various temperance organisations for temperance legislation and to promote the temperance movement in general.

Parliamentary Temperance Committee, consisting of members of parliament supporting temperance legislation was formed around 1906.

The Band of Hope was founded in 1847, with the aim of instructing boys and girls as to the properties of alcohol and the consequences of its consumption. Generally involving midweek meetings with music, slides, competitions and addresses on the importance of total abstinence. By 1855, there were so many local bands that a London Union was formed and in 1864, this was expanded to become the UK Band of Hope Union. By 1901 there were more than 28,000 societies with a total membership of more than 3.5 million children.

International Order of Good Templars (IOGT) was formed around 1852 in the United States of America, it spread to England around 1869, to Scotland and Ireland about 1970, and Wales 1871. Its object was to secure personal abstinence from the use of all intoxicating drinks as a beverage and the prohibition of the manufacture, importation and sale of intoxicating drink. Membership was achieved by signing a lifelong pledge of abstinence.
CONTENT

Scope and content/abstract: Records of the United Kingdom Alliance and related temperance organisations comprising:

UK Alliance records including minutes of the Executive of the UK Alliance 1871-1975 (1899 missing); minutes of the UK Alliance Finance Committee 1910-1921, 1924-1971; minutes of the UK Alliance Agency Committee 1908-1923; minutes of the UK Alliance Special Consultative Council, 1906-1932; minutes of the Hull Auxiliary of the UK Alliance 1859-1876; (34 vols)

Bound collection of printed UKA Documents [1850-1880] including letters, pamphlets, lectures, speeches, articles, reports, with index, (7 vols); printed papers including Alliance First Prize Essay `An Argument legal and historical concerning the Traffic in Strong Drink, Dr Frederick Richard Lees, 1857, third edition, revised, William Tweedie, London, (1 vol); 'No case against the United Kingdom Alliance and the Permissive Bill', reprint of pamphlet issued by the Executive Committee for the Provincial Licences Victuallers' Defence League entitled `The case against the United Kingdom Alliance and the Permissive Bill', [1872]; One Hundred objections to a Maine Law; being a sequel to the `argument' of the United Kingdom Alliance for the legislative prohibition of the Liquor Traffic, Dr Frederic Richard Lees, London, 1857; typescript copies of addresses at Centenary events held for the UK Alliance, 1953 (1 vol)

Administrative files of the UKA including Annual Meeting correspondence, 1955-1963; Centenary conference reports 1953; donations and subscriptions; accounts relating to Lord Arnold (bequest); financial arrangements relating to Joseph Hood Challenge Shield, 1922; correspondence relating to legacies; One Million Pledges Campaign Committee, 1966-1967; Working party on education on dangers of alcohol 1968; stock letter book 1930-1936; Sermon competition entries, 1955; press releases, 1953-1968; Conference in Wales 1954; summer school programmes 1963-1969; Essays on social drinking; UKA card campaign about drugs 1969; insurance; District Superintendent's report 1959-1960;

General Correspondence arranged alphabetically by subject, [1930s-1960s] (2 boxes); correspondence arranged alphabetically by name of correspondent, [1940s-1960s] (7 boxes);

Correspondence relating to the International Order of Good Templars; miscellaneous papers and articles including Accounts of the Bradford Temperance Hall Trust, 1928-1954, and Leicester Temperance Society and Band of Hope 1950s-1960s (3 boxes);

Papers relating to the Carlisle Scheme 1925-1934; and correspondence and papers relating to the Licensing Bill campaign 1961;

Publications including The Alliance News - monthly magazine of the UKA 1854-1991; The Alliance News Summary - weekly news sheet of the UKA, 1934-1943; Alliance Reports 1853-1915; 1982-1993 (incomplete); Alliance Temperance Almanac, 1907-1921l; Alliance Year Books 1910-1952, (incomplete); UKA London Auxiliary Reports 1883-1904; London Alliance Review quarterly issued by the London Auxiliary of the UKA, 1899-1902, 3 copies, one annotated with list of annual meetings, 1862-1906; United Kingdom Alliance Convention Report, 1887; Research Student Service bulletin, 1951-1972; (67 vols)

Papers relating to the National Temperance Federation including Correspondence and Articles of Association 1959-1966; Press releases and pamphlets, 1940-1960; accounts, 1960-1968; Conference paper, Oct 1943; and miscellaneous papers 1936-1939; (2 boxes)

Papers and letters relating to the Parliamentary Temperance Group, 1951-1966 (1 box);

Temperance Research and Information Centre (UKA) visitors book, 1975-1994;

Collection of scrapbooks containing national and local press cuttings generally arranged by subject, including scrapbook of election posters, advertising, newspapers cuttings relating to the Fulham Parliamentary election 1906; scrap book containing the printed articles by George B Wilson, 1920; cuttings of articles by Rev A Jeans Courtney 1921-1939; scrap book of H Cecil Heath (General Secretary of UKA), containing press cuttings, invitations, posters etc, 1926-1933 (2 vols); The Carlisle Scheme, 1916-1930, 2 vols; Carlisle experiment, 1924-1935; UKA Local Option Campaign 1925-1930; UKA Local Option Campaign, 1927-1930; Ban on temperance advertising 1954; Underage drinking, 1957, 1969; The Breathalyser 1967 (3 vols); Blennerhassett Report cuttings relating to drink driving, 1976; miscellaneous cuttings 1970s;

Collections of cartoons and prints relating to prohibition and temperance, including original sketches and printed copies, 1901-1966; World Temperance Federation display papers;

Advertising posters relating to temperance issues, the campaign for a constructive peace, conscription, Peace Pledge Union, and World Prohibition Federation public meetings (3 boxes);

Photographs and illustrations including print of the Second meeting of the UKA, Manchester, Oct 1854; painting of Clement O Boardman; drawing of Very Reverend Theobald Matthew of Cork; photographs of the Essex Union Temperance Council, 1921; Newcastle and Gateshead and District Band of Hope Union musical festival, 1906; North of England Temperance League, 40th Annual Conference, Darlington, 1898; Arthur Pease; Thomas Whittaker; Thomas Cairns; W Johnson; Wilfred Lawson, 1905; and John B Gough;

Records of the National Commercial Temperance League (NCTL) including minutes of 1894-1903; minutes of Executive Meetings, 1910-1953; minutes of the Literature and Publishing Committee 1924-1938; minutes of the General Purposes Committee, 1933-1953; minutes of the NCTL in amalgamation with the Strength of Britain Movement Ltd, London Division, Committee, 1923-1939; minutes of NCTL London Branch 1899-1910; NCTL Annual Conference - minutes and related printed papers etc 1904-1910; account books 1951-1969; scrapbook of press cuttings, printed matter, circulars, newsletters, rules, pamphlets, posters and invitations 1916-1928; (10 vols)

Records of the North of England Temperance League including Executive Committee minutes 1913-1923 (incorrectly labelled `old records and accounts from 1892-1921'), minutes of the Bazaar Sub-committee 1920; and press cuttings 1920s;

Records of the National United Temperance Council (NUTC) including minutes of the Executive Committee, General Committee, AGM, and London Committee, 1959-1975;

Records of the National Temperance Federation (NTF) including minutes 1924-1955, 1962-1971; and Report of Proceedings 1909-1918, 1932-1967; (6 vols)

Records of the Temperance Group of the Two Houses of Parliament (Parliamentary Temperance Group) comprising minutes, 1952-1970;

Records of the World Prohibition Federation visitors book 1925-1936; (1 vol)

United Temperance Association of Manchester and District minutes 1954-1969; (1 vol)

Epworth Temperance Hall Trust account book 1911-1958; (1 vol)

Band of Hope Union (of Newcastle on Tyne) minutes 1867-1920; (1 vol)

Templar Institute Roll and Record - Ordinary Course 1938-1979, and Roll of Fellows and Post Graduates 1898-1977; (2 vols)

Records of the International Order of Good Templars (IOGT) including minutes of the Grand Lodge of England and United Services of the IOGT, Herne Bay 1963-1966; minutes of the Lancashire District Lodge of the IOGT, 1929-1975; minutes of the Lincolnshire District Lodge 1901-1928; Register of Lodges of the IOGT, [1868-1920]; IOGT account book 1947-1977; (5 vols)

and printed volumes including Journal of Proceedings of the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of IOGT 1871-1899; Journal of Proceedings of IOGT of Scotland 1870-1880; Journal of Proceedings of IOGT of the World 1876-1885; Journal of Proceedings of IOGT of North America 1866-1870; Journal of Proceedings of IOGT of North America and England 1866-1872 ; Journal of Proceedings of IOGT of England 1870-1929; Journal of Proceedings of IOGT of Wales 1889-1899; and related material; (54 vols)

Publications relating to the temperance movement including United Kingdom Bank of Hope Union Reports 1876-1985; Band of Hope Annual 1902; British Temperance Advocate 1903-1914; Reports of Proceedings of the World Temperance Association 1876-1892; Church of England Temperance Magazine 1864; Devon and Cornwall Temperance Journal 1868-9; East Yorkshire Temperance Review 1847-1848; The Friend 1915-1916; Good Templar Watchword 1878-1892 (incomplete), 1925-1937; International Good Templar 1888-1928; International Record 1917-1968; Temperance Record 1872-1898 (incomplete); Temperance Magazine; Temperance Journal; Temperance Chronicle 1882-1883; Scottish Temperance Review 1846-1858; Rechabite Magazine 1843-1846; Rechabite Magazine and Juvenile Rechabite 1916-1970;

Personal papers of Walter Colbert comprising manuscript illustrated volumes by Walter Colbert titled James McCurrey Magazine, Aug 1901, and James McCurrey Magazine, Coronation Number, 1902;

Personal Papers of Mark H C Hayler (MHCH) 1920s-1960s comprising manuscript and typescript papers including articles, stories, drama scripts `The splendid gestures' and `The barrier of Kankoku', 1945; papers relating to his book Vision of a century - the history of the UKA; papers on the life of Robert Barclay (1648-1690); printed copies of journal `No traitor's Gait - the autobiography of Guy Aldred (1886-1963), 1955-1957; papers and letters on Prohibition and temperance including the International Order of Good Templars, 1929-1930; printed copies of songs `Serenity' and `Quiet things', words by MCHC and music by Herbert M Gildersleve; printed report of the International Convention of the World League against alcoholism, Toronto, Canada 1922; Files of papers and correspondence relating to the death of Guy Hayler (1850-1943); family letters, 1927, 1930s; cuttings of published articles by MHCH 1950s-1960s; scrap book of articles by MHCH published in The Christian Science Monitor, Boston, 1928; scrapbook of typescript papers relating to the World Prohibition Federation, Mark Hayler 1927-1929; scrap book of printed articles by various authors, [1910-1911]; new cuttings of articles by Mark Hayler compiled by Walter Trevelyan Hayler, 1902-1928 (2 vols); Papers relating to the World Prohibition Federation (founded 1909), of which Guy Hayler (father of Mark Hayler) was president and Mark Hayler, Secretary, including articles, addresses, press notices relating to George Bernard Shaw's lecture on temperance, Oct 1931; scrap book containing the official souvenir handbook of the World Prohibition Federation all nations bazaar, 1926 and 1931, [1935]; newspaper cuttings 1925-1932; (4 boxes)

Glass plate negatives attributed to Mark Hayler and probably used as illustrations for lectures and talks, [1920s-1930s] (6 boxes) of people, places, buildings, drawn illustrations.

ACCESS AND USE

Language/scripts of material: English
System of arrangement:
Conditions governing access: By appointment only. Contact the Librarian, Institute of Alcohol Studies, Alliance House, 12 Caxton St, London, SW1H 0QS.
Conditions governing reproduction: Photocopies available.
Finding aids: Card catalogue of printed material.
ARCHIVAL INFORMATION

Archival history: Unknown
Immediate source of acquisition: Unknown
ALLIED MATERIALS

Related material: : United Kingdom Temperance Alliance: Fulham Auxiliary papers, 1874, 1918-25 (Ref: DD/200) held at Hammersmith and Fulham Archives and Local History Centre; United Kingdom Temperance Alliance: Hull miscellaneous records, including correspondence and papers 1901-1931 (Ref: Bertram Fox Collection), held at Hull Central Library: Local Studies; Scottish Temperance League minutes, 1846-1935, (Ref: DC/19) and Records of the International Order of Good Templars: Grand Lodge of Scotland, (Ref: DC019/8; held by Glasgow University Archive Services; National Commercial Temperance League minutes 1919-1925, (Ref: D2663) held by the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland; National Temperance Federation records, 1919-1985, (Ref LMA/4005) and National United Temperance League, minutes, agendas, accounts, correspondence, membership records and papers, 1890-1984 (Ref: ACC/2435), held at the London Metropolitan archives; Papers of Guy Hayler(1850-1943) Secretary of the North of England Temperance League, held at University of Wisconsin at Madison Library; British Temperance League 19th cent-20th cent : records, tracts, journals and printed texts (Ref: Livesey Collection), University of Central Lancashire, Preston.
Publication note: The Vision of a Century 1853-1953, the United Kingdom Alliance in historical retrospect, Mark H C Hayler, FRGS, UKA, London, 1953
DESCRIPTION NOTES

Archivist's note: Sources: Historical Manuscripts Commission's On-Line National Register of Archives; Public Records Office Access to archives online database; The Vision of a Century 1853-1953, the United Kingdom Alliance in historical retrospect, Mark H C Hayler, FRGS, UKA, London, 1953; Drink and British politics since 1830, a study in policy making, John Greenaway, Palgrave, Macmillan, 2003; Drink in great Britain 1900-1979, by Gwylmore Prys Williams and George Thompson Brake, B Edsall and Co, London, 1980l History of the International Order of Good Templars, its rise and progress, William W Turnbull, 1851-1901, Jubilee volume, 1901.
Compiled by Alison Field as part of the London Signpost Survey Project.
Rules or conventions: Compiled in compliance with General International Standard Archival Description, ISAD(G), second edition, 2000; National Council on Archives Rules for the Construction of Personal Place and Corporate Names 1997.
Date(s) of descriptions: September 2003

INDEX ENTRIES
Subjects
Alcohol education | Health education
Alcoholism | Addiction | Social problems
Social reform | Social policy

Personal names

Corporate names
Alliance House Foundation | 2003
Band of Hope | 1847
Institute of Alcohol Studies |
International Order of Good Templars | 1852
National Commercial Temperance League | 1890s
National Temperance Federation | reconstituted 1936
National United Temperance Council | 1896
Parliamentary Temperance Committee | 1906
United Kingdom Alliance (UKA) | 1853-
United Kingdom Temperance Alliance Ltd (UKTA) | 1942-2003

Places

Reno's "dry" fountain

Originally dedicated in 1908, the massive fountain recently rededicated in Reno, Nevada, is "dry" in two senses. It was a gift of the WCTU, and it currently is not connected with a water supply. For more, see here.

Mark Edward Lender reviews Eric Burns' Spirits of America (book review)

Mark Edward Lender reviews Eric Burns, The Spirits of America: A Social History of Alcohol, in Indiana Magazine of History 102/1 (2006): 54-56

WCTU and sexual orientation legislation

David Trippel reports that the WCTU lobbies against federal legislation that would forbid employers from considering sexual orientation and gender identity in hiring, something that the WCTU thinks unreasonable for churches and faith-based organizations. For the website, see here.

Resources for the study of temperance and prohibition in Ohio

The Ohio Historical Society provides a list of resources for the historical study of temperance and prohibition in the state of Ohio here.

Resources for study of WCTU in South Australia

For resources for the study of the WCTU in South Australia, see here.

The Demon Drink: Alcohol and Prohibition in New Zealand (bibliographical article)

University of Otago library (New Zealand)
Friends of the Hocken Collections
Bulletin No. 33 (July 2000)

"The Demon Drink: Alcohol and Prohibition in New Zealand"
by Ray Hargreaves and others

This is a remarkably rich source for historians.

ALCOHOL in New Zealand can be dated from
March 1773 when Cooks’ men brewed up a
concoction of beer using manuka in Fiordland.
The prohibition movement also has a long history. In
the 1830s the Bay of Islands had a reputation for wild
drinking, so it is no surprise that the first temperance
society was formed there in 1836. A broadsheet calling
the meeting, along with the Report of the Formation of
the New Zealand Temperance Society (Paihia, 1836) are
held by the Hocken.

This Bulletin covers brewing, hotels, the wine industry,
and the voluminous prohibition literature. When using
the computer catalogue be aware that some of the items
mentioned below cannot be sourced by both author and
title, so if the publication does not appear under one
heading, check the other. The Bulletin is restricted to
published books and periodicals. Lack of space precludes
the listing of every relevant item held by the Library.
Users are advised to use as wide a choice of subject
headings as possible when searching for further
references, and remember to check the holdings in
Pictures, Photographs and Archives.

G E N E R A L
An entertaining discussion of the role of alcohol in NZ
society from 1840 to 1915 is to be found in Stevan
Eldred-Grigg, Pleasures of the Flesh (Wellington, 1984),
while Jock Phillips provides a very readable history of
the role of drinking in the male culture of NZ in A
Man’s Country (rev. ed., Auckland, 1996). Conrad
Bollinger’s Grog’s Own Country (Wellington, 1959;
2nd ed. Auckland, 1967) provides a readable account of
the history of liquor licensing. Barrister Lowther Broad’s
The Law of Innkeepers, and Licensing Committees
Guide (Nelson, 1887) provided a guide to the laws affect-
ing publicans in the late 1880s, pointed out some diffi-
culties of administering the Licensing Act, and reprinted
the relevant statutes. A succinct but excellent coverage is
given in the chapter ‘Control of the Sale of Alcoholic
Liquors’ by Arthur P. Douglas in his The Dominion of
NZ (London, 1909). R.A. Loughnan, NZ at Home
(London, 1908) includes a general dispassionate discus-
sion of ‘Alcohol and Temperance’.

B R E W E R I E S A N D H O T E L S
Gordon McLauchlan’s The Story of Beer (Auckland,
1994) is a popular history of brewing in NZ, but the
volume is sponsored by Lion Breweries and, not un-
expectedly, the prohibition movement is not dealt with
dispassionately. Conrad Bollinger provides a potted his-
tory of NZ brewing in The True and Proper Drink,
published in NZ’s Heritage, Pt 51, 1972: 1423–1428.
For those interested in beer labels Richard Wolfe, Well
Made NZ (Auckland, 1987) includes many black and
white illustrations of registered trade marks.
Alfred Eccles’ An Account of the Brewing Trade of
Dunedin and Neighbourhood, Past and Present (Dunedin,
1949) was the forerunner of Frank Leckie’s Otago
Breweries Past and Present (Dunedin, 1997), a well-
researched account of breweries large and small which
operated at some time in Otago. Donald Gordon’s
Speight’s, The Story of Dunedin’s Historic Brewery
(Dunedin, 1993) is an exhaustive and well-illustrated
history of the company which dominated brewing in the
South for many decades. A century earlier the company
published The History of a Glass of Beer as Produced at
Speight & Co.’s City Brewery (Dunedin, 1893). Hosts
to the Nation — The First Fifty Years of NZ Breweries
(Auckland, 1973) looks at the formation and later history
of one of the country’s brewing giants.

Recent works on beer and brewing include R. Brimer
& A. Russell’s Microbreweries of NZ (Auckland, 1995);
Kerry Tyack, Guide to Breweries and Beer in NZ
(Auckland, 1998), and Carol Caldwell, Beers Brewed in
NZ (Christchurch, 1995). The latter is a brief listing by
breweries (national and boutique) of beers available.
R.W. Willett produced the first listing of Dunedin
pubs and publicans, but it is not completely reliable.
Frank Tod’s Pubs Galore (Dunedin, 1984) updated
Willett’s book, but repeats many of its errors and omis-
sions for the 19th century. Barmaids, Billiards, Nobblers
and Ratpits (Dunedin, 1992) by Ray Hargreaves gives
lists of pubs and publicans, along with an account of
pub life in Dunedin, for the period 1861–1865. A.J. de la
Mare provides a brief history of licensing law changes,
the prohibition movement, early Invercargill hotels, and
the city’s prohibition years in Drink or Drought
(Invercargill, 1981). James McNeish provides an enter-
taining mixture of history and yarns about pubs and
publicans, past and present, in Tavern in the Town (2nd
ed., Auckland, 1984). Now well out of date is Ian
Jenkin’s The Travellers’ Guide to Pubs of the North
Island, (Auckland, 1984) which both describes and as-
sesses, often frankly, the hotels and taverns included.

Kevin J. Fearon & Alexander S. Johnston’s Wairarapa
A
Hotels Past and Present: A Photographic Journey (Mas-
terton, 1998) contains minimal text. Inn the Beginning
(Whangarei, 1975) by Andrew Rae is a brief history of
some early Northland hotels, plus some excerpts from
The Law of Licensed Hotelkeepers in NZ compiled by
James Siddells in 1904. In Beer Slops. An Exposure of
the Liquor Trade (Auckland, 1946] J.A. Manderson was
not concerned with temperance, but rather attacked the
apparently common practice in some Auckland hotels in
selling wampo, from slops recycled into the beer kegs.
Pat Lawlor’s The Froth-Blower’s Manual (Welling-
ton, 1955) is an idiosyncratic but entertaining account of
his own beer-drinking experiences, a potted history of
beer in NZ and a beer encyclopedia. Lawlor’s Old
Wellington Hotels (Wellington, 1974) is a well-
illustrated account of the capital’s old watering holes.
Also of Wellington interest is Wholesale Wine and
Spirit Trade: a Wellington History (Wellington, 1966), a
short history of the 23 merchants in business at the
time. Fred Gebbie and Judy McGregor The Incredible 8-
Ounce Dream (Auckland, 1979), described as ‘a manual
for the boozer’, includes advice on such topics as how to
tell if your beer is flat, and even recipes using beer. On a
light note is Puborama (Auckland, 1961) by Ian MacKay
which is a collection of yarns and anecdotes, particularly
concerning country hotels.

History of the Invercargill Licensing Trust (Invercar-
gill, 1955) and Clive Lind, Pubs, Pints and People: 50
Years of the Invercargill Licensing Trust (Invercargill,
1994) tell the story of the community-run management
of licensed premises after years of being dry. An enter-
taining few pages of the no-licence era, including the
origin of the New Zealandism ‘kegging’, is told in
M.H. Holcroft, Old Invercargill (Dunedin, 1976). John
F. McArthur has written two books on licensing trusts,
Progress in Retrospect: A History of the Mataura
Licensing Trust from 1955 to 1965 (Gore, 1966), and
Licensing Trust Development in NZ (Gore, 1967).

V I N E Y A R D S A N D W I N E
Dalmatian-born Romeo Bragato, brought over by the NZ
Government from Victoria, offered the first detailed
Report on the Prospects of Viticulture in NZ, Together
with Instructions for Planting and Pruning. (Wellington,
1895). The author was impressed with the possibilities
of Central Otago. Bragato also wrote a detailed text on
grape culture, Viticulture in NZ (Wellington, 1906)
published by the NZ Government. A later history is
Dick Scott, Winemakers of NZ (Auckland, 1964).
Probably the best book on the subject is Michael
Cooper, The Wines and Vineyards of New Zealand. First
published in Auckland, 1984, it has gone through a
number of subsequent editions. Similar, but with less
detail, is James Halliday, Wine Atlas of Australia and
NZ (Auckland, 1991). Not all wineries are detailed and
‘atlas’ is a misnomer as maps are but a minor part of the
book. Richard Brimer’s Boutique Wineries of NZ
(Auckland, 1993) gives brief accounts of the smaller
wineries: Frank Thorpy, Wine in NZ (Auckland, 1983)
offers a general summary.

For the amateur vintner, T.W. Leys (ed) Brett’s
Colonists Guide (Auckland, 1881) still has useful advice
to offer. Beaven and Danny Schuster offer a starting
point for would-be sommeliers in Wine Care and Service
(Christchurch, 1985). D.W. Beaven Wines for Dining
(Christchurch, 1977) offers advice on quality, price,
value for money, etc.

S P I R I T S
Stuart Perry’s The NZ Whisky Book (Auckland, 1980)
provides a history of distilling in this country, much of
which was illegal.

P R O H I B I T I O N & T E M P E R A N C E
R.N. Adams’ The Origin and History of Good Templary
(Dunedin, 1876) looks at the movement’s origins and
history overseas as well as in NZ. J.A.D. Adams’ Early
Days of the No-License Movement (Dunedin, 1910) is a
history of the temperance movement up to 1892, with a
concentration on events in Otago, and the author’s own
part in it. Temperance and Prohibition in NZ (London,
1930), edited by J. Cocker & J. Malton Murray, provides
a sympathetic history of the movement along with a
who’s who of temperance workers. Anthony Grigg’s
1977 doctoral thesis ‘The Attack on the Citadels of
Liquordom’ examines the prohibition movement during
the years 1894–1914.

The arguments for and against prohibition spawned a
voluminous collection of pamphlets, particularly by
prohibition supporters. The No-License Handbook
(Auckland, 1908), edited by George Dash, is an encyclo-
pedia of short entries covering all topics providing am-
munition for opponents of the drink trade, from Drink
and Athletics, to Poverty and Drink, and even on choco-
lates that contained liqueurs. William Fox’s pro-temper-
ance speech in the House of Representatives was pub-
lished under the title The Permissive Bill (Wellington,
1872). The Rev. Peter Mason’s Intemperance: a Sermon
(Auckland, 1874) was a moderate statement. Three Sides
of the Question. The Medical, Political & Social
(Auckland, 1883) provided evidence of the evils of alco-
hol. Evidence Against Moderate Drinking (Dunedin,
1910) by M.A. & R.J. Rosanoff was a report of experi-
ments carried out in North America on mental and phys-
ical activities after ‘strictly moderate doses of alcoholic
liquors’. The pamphlet had originally been published in
an American periodical. George Bernard Nicholls pub-
lished in Dunedin, c.1910, a broadsheet titled A Message
to Christians arguing for prohibition, and including
statistics which showed how crime and accidents were
associated with drink.

William Salmond, Presbyterian Minister and Otago
University professor, wrote Prohibition a Blunder
(Dunedin, 1911), which went through five printings
from 24 February to 3 April 1911. Salmond was con-
cerned that the prohibition movement had become so
strong and vocal that its opponents were being cowered
into silence. He was immediately answered by A.S.
Adams in Professor Salmon’s Blunder: Prohibition an
Effective Social Reform, a Reply (Wellington, 1911)
and Arthur Atkinson, a lawyer, who described Salmon’s
arguments as ‘inaccurate, unscientific, and unscriptual’
in his pamphlet The Drink Traffic, a Blunder (Welling-
ton, 1911). Rev. Henry Jacobs’ Temperance: A Sermon
(Christchurch, 1864) argued that temperance ‘is a nec-
essary Christian virtue’. The Rev. T.J. Wills attacked
Dunedin’s Anglican Bishop’s view — that prohibition
enforced by the state was not morally defensible — in a
long book, Bishop Nevill’s Mistake (Christchurch,
1897). Rev. A.R. Fitchett’s opposition to a motion
before the Otago Anglican Synod which urged Church
people to vote for prohibition was reprinted as Dean
Fitchett’s Speech on the Religious Objection to
Prohibition (Dunedin, 1925). O.E. Burton wrote two
pamphlets supporting the prohibition campaign, Youth
Versus the Liquor Traffic (Auckland, 1925) and Labour
and the Abolition of the Liquor Traffic (Wellington,
1925), the latter being an examination of the advantages
for workers in adopting prohibition.

The Bible was quoted to support both opposing
viewpoints. For the prohibitionists Samuel Edger’s
Christ & the Wine Question Carefully Considered
(Auckland, 1871) is a sermon which considered whether
Christ made intoxicating wine from water. In Wines of
the Bible Wherein It Is Asked, and Answered — Does
the Bible Allow the Drinking of Fermented Wines?
(Christchurch, 1896) the conclusion of the anonymous
author was ‘No, it doesn’t’. But Christchurch rabbi
Adolph Chodowski earlier argued in Wine, its Use and
Abuse (Christchurch, 1893) that ‘the wines of the Bible
were fermented and intoxicating: that their presence was
looked upon as a blessing’ and only their abuse is con-
demned. John L. Allan, Prohibition and Christianity: A
Protest (Oamaru, 1897) was unhappy with the ‘vulgar
self-assertiveness’ of prohibitionists, and described the
movement as ‘anti-Christian’. George Bailey, The New
Heresy; or Scripture Teaching Regarding the Use and
Abuse of Intoxicating Liquors (Invercargill, 1897) sug-
gested that the ‘Doctrine of Prohibition, viewed from a
Bible standpoint is a HERESY.’

Selina J. Hancock, The Two Processions: a Dream of
Bye-Law 2 (Dunedin, 1894) gave her vision of two
worlds — the depressing one where the drink trade flour-
ished, and the happy procession when alcoholic drink had
been abolished. A.R. Atkinson, The Spoiling of the
Poor. An Appeal to the Moderate Drinker (Wellington,
1896) was an appeal for total prohibition. Alfred C.
Morton, who claimed that he was a ‘moderate drinker’
before writing The Liquor Traffic. Is It Beneficial to the
Individual? Is It Profitable to the State? (Wellington,
1905) said he had become a staunch abstainer after exam-
ining the social, economic, and political aspects of the
drink question.

University of Otago Professor Harry D. Bedford exam-
ined prohibition from an economic viewpoint, and con-
cluded that all countries would be better off without the
liquor trade. His view that ‘prohibition is patriotic’ was
expressed in ‘War and Shortage’ published posthumously
in A.B. Chappell, An Appreciation of the Late
H.D. Bedford... (Wellington, 1918). Also concerned with
the economic impact of the liquor trade is John
W. Jago’s The Economics of Drink (Dunedin, 1887),
reprinted as Will Prohibition Increase Taxation
(Dunedin, 1894). His brief pamphlet The Liquor Traffic
and the Revenue (Wellington, 1923) argues that the
economy has nothing to fear from prohibition. Arthur
Atkinson’s What About the Revenue (Wellington, 1911)
was largely reprinted, with updated statistics, as The
Revenue and the Liquor Traffic (Wellington, 1914)
offering a mass of statistics and opinions which con-
cluded that the way to a booming economy was to abol-
ish the liquor industry.

Albert J. Orchard and J.P. Whetter warned their readers
that alcohol is a poison which affects the working of the
brain in NZ Doctors on Alcohol (Wellington, 1911).
The Amber Light: Caution (Christchurch, 1979?) is an
amateurish publication pushing prohibition, with
recipes.

William W. Collins supported temperance but not
total prohibition, as witness his two pamphlets
Prohibition: A Plea for Liberty (Christchurch, 1892) and
An Address on the Injustice of Prohibition (Dunedin,
1893). Collins was against enforcing prohibition by
law, believing it impossible to obtain morality by
legislation.

The role of the WCTU in the push for prohibition is
examined by Patricia Grimshaw in Women’s Suffrage in
NZ (Auckland, 1972). A history of the WCTU from
1885 to 1985, written by Jeanne Wood, is A Challenge
Not a Truce (Nelson, 1986?). Kenneth J. Manson When
the Wine is Red: the New Zealand Temperance Alliance
Centennial Review (Wellington, 1986) notes the
continuing fight against drink. Ethel Benjamin’s Letter-
books (1903–08); and records of various Dunedin
branches of WCTU, Dunedin Tent Independent Order of
Rechabites (1864–1976), and Dunedin Area Council of
the NZ Alliance (1921–59) are among temperance
archives held in the Hocken. The Good Templar Guide
for Quarter Ending May 1911 lists Dunedin IOGT
lodges, their meeting nights, forthcoming programmes
and officers.

In the 1920s there was some support for corporate
control (including some government investment) rather
than complete state control of the liquor industry.
Licensing Reform Proposals for Corporate Control
(Dunedin, 1924) is a broadsheet which supported the set-
ting up of an Otago branch of the NZ Licensing Reform
Assn, while F.W. Chatterton, Liquor Reform. Corporate
Control versus Prohibition (Rotorua, 1925) was against
the movement.

Several towns and areas went ‘dry’ for a number of
years. James Baird, Results of No-License in Inver-
cargill, 1906–1911 (Wellington, 1911) listed all the
good things that had happened to the city, including
photographs of newly-erected buildings, though he was
honest enough to admit that progress was not solely due
to prohibition. Two dissertations have examined the
same topic: ‘Doing Away With the Demon Drink:
Prohibition in Invercargill, 1893–1905’ by Alastair
Hercus (1987), and ‘The Thirty-Eight Year Drought:
Prohibition in Invercargill 1906–1963’, by Janette
Mollison (1988). Ex-Prohibitionist on Prohibition in
Clutha: A Failure (Dunedin, 1899) wrote that as much
liquor could be obtained in Clutha under No Licence as
previously, and that if figures for drunkenness were
omitted the statistics showed that other crime had in-
creased after Clutha went dry. W.H. Scotter’s Ashburton
(Ashburton, 1972) includes some pages on that town’s
experience.

The Success of Prohibition in the British Isles &
North America, Together with Some of the Effects of
the Licensing System as Seen in Dunedin (Dunedin,
1876) by ‘Prohibitionist’ included comments how local
institutions could do more to promote the temperance
cause. Henry J. Osborn, Does Prohibition Prohibit?
(London, 1889) and H. Gilbert Stringer, The Effects of
Prohibition in the Prohibited States of America
(Wellington, 1893), take opposing viewpoints as to the
success of prohibition in North America. Arthur
Atkinson, Prohibition Makes Good (Wellington, 1922)
refuted views expressed in a lecture by Rev. Wyndham
Heathcote that it had failed in North America.
The Law and the Liquor Traffic (Dunedin, 1870) is the
text of a lecture to a Dunedin audience by the
Rev. William Gillies, concentrating on data from Great
Britain rather than NZ. Rev. P.B. Fraser attacks the over-
turning on a technicality of the Bruce poll which gave a
majority to no-licence in his Judgment in Voiding the
Bruce Licensing Poll Freely Criticised (Milton, 1903).
John W. Jago writing as St Mungo, The Publicans’
Claim to be Compensated Under Local Option (Dunedin,
1879); Samuel Edger, Has the Publican any Claim to
Compensation for the Loss of His License under Local
Option? (Auckland, 1882); the anonymous The
Publicans Claim to be Compensated Under Local Option
(Dunedin, 1886); Joseph Malins, No Compensation!
(London, 188–) and William Fox in Compensation: A
Memorandum on the Question Whether It is Due to the
Publican on the Refusal to Renew His License
(Auckland, 1890) all gave reasons for their resounding
‘No’ to the question.

Songs and verses in support of the cause are to be
found in The NZ Temperance Songster and Band of Hope
Melodist (Dunedin, 1868); C.O. Davis Temperance
Songs, etc. in the Maori Language (Auckland, 1873);
and George Dash, Two Hundred Band of Hope
Recitations (4th ed. Timaru, 1948). Dash also produced
Te Pono: Temperance Dialogues in Prose and Rhyme
(Waimate, 1904). Five songs with reference to the tem-
perance question are included in Rona Bailey and Herbert
Roth, Shanties by the Way (Christchurch, 1967).
The liquor trade supported publications such as
E.F. Hiscocks’ Saints and Sinners? Concerning Some-
what the 1905 Elections (Wellington, 1905) — a collec-
tion of cartoons by Hiscocks plus anti-prohibition texts
and a plethora of advertisements. The National Council
of the Licensed Trade of NZ published In Defence of the
Licensed Trade (Wellington, 1917) which r